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General elections were held in Italy on 27 January 1861, with a second round of voting on 3 February.〔Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7〕 The newly elected Parliament first convened in Turin on 4 March 1861, where it declared the unification of the country as the Kingdom of Italy.〔Nohlen & Stöver, p1027〕 The election was carried out according to the 1848 electoral law of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in which only literate men over the age of 25 and paying a certain level of taxation were allowed to vote.〔 Candidates were elected in single member constituencies, with a second round required in cases when no candidates received over 50% of the vote or the equivalent of one-third of the registered voters in the constituency.〔Nohlen & Stöver, p1039〕 The Pope demanded that Catholics did not take part in the elections.〔 ==The race== The Historical Right was led by the former Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, a long-time statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. On the other hand, the bloc of the Historical Left was led by Urbano Rattazzi, a liberal politician who was among the founders of the Italian left-wing parliamentary group. In opposition to the two main blocs there were a third party known as The Extreme, a far-left coalition, under the leadership of Agostino Bertani, an Italian revolutionary and a key figure of the Unification. Only 418,696 men of a total population of around 22 million were entitled to vote.〔Nohlen & Stöver, p1049〕 Right-wing candidates emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament with around 43% of the 443 seats.〔Nohlen & Stöver, p1082〕 They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending.〔Nohlen & Stöver, p1028〕 The right-wing leader Camillo Benso di Cavour was elected as the first Prime Minister in the history of Italy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian general election, 1861」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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